Playground accidents account for roughly 50% of all student accidents within The School District of Palm Beach County. Minimizing the cause of these accidents requires a focus on two basic areas. The first is ensuring that the playgrounds are maintained in accordance with national standards and manufacturer’s specifications. The second is properly supervising students as they play on the playgrounds.
Four years ago Risk Management and Facilities Services began a new effort to maintain the playgrounds at Palm Beach County schools. Prior to 2010 the Certified Playground Safety Inspectors (CPSIs) working for Risk and Benefits Management would inspect District playgrounds annually to determine compliance with American Standards for Testing & Materials (ASTM) and Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) requirements. The inspectors identified and documented hazards observed during these inspections in the comments section of the District form. The forms were then submitted to Facilities Services for review and action. Reports were translated into work orders and were then worked on by the Grounds Department, however there was no prioritization of work. Work was often done based on the volume or numbers of work orders that needed to be completed versus the severity of the hazard that needed to be fixed.
This process was inefficient. Playground work orders were mixed in with other work orders at each location. As a result, playgrounds often did not get fixed in a timely manner. For example, minor hazards such as a guardrail that needed tightening, would turn into a missing guardrail a year or two later. Damaged vinyl coating on decking turned into rotting decking in a few years. Cracked, poured in place rubber surfacing turned into damaged surfacing that no longer met original specifications at the time of installation.
In 2010, this effort resulted in a changed approach to the way playgrounds were maintained. The first change was to assign a main point person to playground maintenance. The person was assigned the task of assessing the physical condition of all District playgrounds. This was done by creating a simple point system so that the playgrounds could be graded based on the condition of surfacing and equipment. This was strictly a physical assessment and had little to do with nationally recognized safety standards (e.g. ASTM or CPSC). Low scores resulted in a GOOD rating, slightly higher scores resulted in a FAIR rating, and high scores resulted in a POOR ranking.
During the inspections additional items were documented including but not limited to the playground manufacturer, date of installation, and the type of surfacing used. The positive results from this survey included:
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The District now had an accurate account of the types and locations of each playground at each school.
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Facilities Services was able to prioritize purchasing decisions based on assessment results. This included projects related to:
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- default_titleThe entire replacement of aging playgrounds.
- default_titleReplacement of parts, including decking, guardrails, and barriers.
- default_titleRefurbishment, repair or replacement of playground surfacing materials.
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- default_titleThe ability to procure manufacturer warrantied parts.
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As the inspections were being done, a playground work crew was being assembled in Facilities Services. This crew would be tasked with fixing all playgrounds in the District based on a prioritized work order system that would soon be created. The purpose in having a dedicated work crew for playground repairs was to ensure that they were all fixed in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications and applicable safety standards.
The second part of this project was to work with Risk Management to improve the methods used to report findings in the annual safety inspection reports. The previous system did not lend itself to prioritizing hazards. Collaboration between the two departments created a priority ranking system. The agreed upon hazard rankings were:
- default_title1 = “Unacceptable” likely injury or major damage – Must mitigate
- default_title2 = “Undesirable” some injury or equipment damage – Should mitigate
- default_title3 = "Acceptable" minor maintenance or adjustments – Schedule maintenance ASAP
- default_title4 = "Questionable" code issues or disciplines beyond knowledge of inspection - Review Required
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The ranking system was tested in 2011 and became an official part of the inspection process in 2012. The ranking system allowed the playground lead person to prioritize hazards that needed immediate attention against those that did not. It also allowed him to schedule other repairs based on the availability of parts and manpower.
In the 2012-2013 school year, 294 playgrounds at 123 schools were inspected. In the 2013-2014 school year, 302 playgrounds at 124 schools were inspected. The table below illustrates the reduction in Category 1 and Category 2 hazards during the past two fiscal years.
During fiscal year 2015, Facilities Services has plans to replace five aging playgrounds. In addition, seven schools are scheduled to receive new poured in place rubber surfacing on their playgrounds. Risk Management has developed two playground safety training videos. The first in the series deals with conducting monthly playground inspections and the second deals with improving playground supervision.
